Middle Ages vs Renaissance - 2279 Words

Life during the middle ages (1066-1485) was dictated by how much money you had. Were you a noble? Or were you a peasant. Your quality of life was in direct proportion to your status. Lords of the Noble class ruled territories, also known as villages. These villages mainly consisted of one room houses, with maybe a church and a blacksmith shop. Peasants or serfs lived in these villages and worked under said Lord. Daily life was all about survival. The days were spent planting and growing food, harvesting the crop, sewing clothes, and making any supplies that were needed to survive. Trading between different villages was something that was only done as a last resort. People in each village worked together to make their own village†¦show more content†¦Freedom of expression was definitely not on the agenda during the middle ages. It was considered a way to enhance the scripture and help to teach it. Many were illustrated manuscripts as the printing press had not been i nvented yet. No sculptures were commissioned for fear of them being viewed as an idol. No individual portraits were allowed for the same reason. Color tones of paintings were muted, and simple as was the dimensions of a painting. They all seemed to be like you were looking at them straight on, one dimensional, and the faces were of a somber expression. Architecture of the churches was based on the way people worshiped. Emperor Constantine commissioned the building of large churches to accommodate the large crowds of mass Christian worship. This is where the basilica type came about. It was a large rectangular building with a large center aisle known as the Nave. As the middle ages progressed, the needs of the church evolved as did the architecture. In what was called the Romanesque Architecture they began building churches in the shape of a cross with wide aisles. The roof was made of stone, because earlier roofs of wood had been prone to fire. Because the walls had to be so strong to support the roof, there was very little light, adding to the somberness of church. The darkness would not be overcome until the Gothic era of architecture. At the end of the middle ages, Gothic Architecture came to life.Show MoreRelatedMiddle Ages vs. the Renaissance Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many contrasts in the beliefs and values of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a time of great suffering, including famine and widespread disease. The Renaissance, however, was a revival of art, learning, and literature. Their views of the purpose of life in the present world and mans place in the world was, perhaps, the greatest contrast. However, their views on politics, religion, and education were very different as well. The purpose of life and mans place inRead MoreA Comparison of The Middle Ages vs. The Renaissance Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages and Renaissance where worlds apart in every aspect of life. In areas of art, tools such as perspective, realism, and individualism showed the great leap in creativity during the Renaissance. Likewise, the worldly individual, or the â€Å"Renaissance Man†, was an improvement over the ignorant, spiritual man of the Middle Ages. Also, the revival of classical learning and education that occurred in the Renaissance was the exact opposite of the suppression of learning during the Middle AgesRead MoreEssay on Medieval vs. Renaissance Art887 Words   |  4 PagesMedieval vs. Renaissance Art Art during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. To the people in the medieval world, religion was their life. Everything in daily life focused around the church and God (Modern World 164). Medieval culture influenced the arts; this was evident in the religious themes. During the Italian Renaissance, painters and other artists focused on the portrayal of a more humanistic way ofRead More Madonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman827 Words   |  4 PagesMadonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman The role of women has been portrayed through art since prehistoric times. Women have been a sign of hope, downfall, and power. This image of women was most powerful during the Renaissance. A cultural revival or rebirth occurred during the 15th and 16th century in Europe. The economic growth of the 14th century created a prosperous middle class. This allowed more of the mass to invest their income. Patronage of the arts soon became very fashionableRead MoreArt During The Middle Ages1243 Words   |  5 PagesArt during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. In the Middle Ages the subject of almost all European art was religion, specifically. Although Renaissance artists continued to paint religious paintings and portraits of individuals, they also focused on the details of everyday life. They also used new techniques such as sfumato, chiaroscuro and perspective. The artists of the Italian Renaissance exp ressed the idealsRead MoreThe Battle Of Poitiers During The Hundred Year War1711 Words   |  7 Pageswell as the death of Henry V’s brother Thomas. After the battle of Agincourt, the battle of Verneuil. The battle of Verneuil happened after the battle of Agincourt to get rid of the English in Normandy. The battle was between the French and Scotland vs England began. The French charged toward the English however the English used their archers to dispose of the French and Scots. The allied forces lost and the french and scottish armies retreated and Scotland stopped aiding the French in the HundredRead MoreThe Crusades During The Middle Ages1152 Words   |  5 Pages The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in art and culture after the Middle Ages. The Crusades helped Medieval Europe to flourish and grow out of the Dark Ages. The Crusades affected daily life and caused major effects in political, economical and cultural Medieval Europe. The first Crusade was gaining control o ver the Holy Land, but the later Crusades were fights over regaining land. The Byzantine Empire fell during the fourth Crusade after an attack on their capital, Constantinople, took placeRead MoreThe Origins Of Humanity And Major Periods : Middle Ages, Renaissance, And Enlightenment1454 Words   |  6 Pages Exam One: Origin of Humanity Alexis Jayne Milligan Bethune-Cookman University SS 245 WO Interdisciplinary Social Science Dr. Dorcas E. McCoy April 10, 2016 This paper will discuss the origins of humanity and three major periods: Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Enlightenment. The relevance of evolution, natural selection via Charles Darwin, intelligent design, and scientific creationism. Then the human thought and social thought on these epochs will be further debated. Biblical reference hasRead MoreRenaissance Ideals of Humanism Are Expressed in the Italian Art of the Period970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss how Renaissance ideals of humanism are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. During the fourteenth century Italy witnessed notable changes, which throughout the next couple of centuries extended towards northern Europe. This was later described as the Renaissance, the cultural achievements through sixteenth centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries. (Western Society, 413) This wasRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism875 Words   |  4 Pages1. Define the terms Renaissance and humanism. As mentioned in the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Renaissance†, the Renaissance or â€Å"Rebirth† showcased a cultural shift exhibiting both scientific and artistic transformation and advancement between the Middle Ages and the early stages of the Modern age in Europe (2014). In the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism†, Humanism’s scope primarily focuses on human beings: human being s place in relations to nature, human potential, human beauty, etc

Masculinity As A Foreign Policy - 3270 Words

Cynthia Enloe’s concepts in Masculinity as a Foreign Policy Issue highlight a deeper problem reflecting the systematic separation of sexes and its’ impact on international affairs. Enloe claims that â€Å"Stalling progress towards bringing feminist analyses into foreign policy decision-making processes has been the conventionally naà ¯ve belief that international affairs – trade, immigration, high tech weapons dales – have nothing to do with gender. They do.† Feminist movement in 70’s and 80’s have had a profound impact on formulating final decisions regarding our involvement in wars in Southeast Asia for instance, so deeming international affairs as gender exclusive is a conscious choice which is only hindering peace prospects on global scale. Limiting women from projecting their point of view in final decision-making regarding international peace is preventing almost half of states population aspirations in a collective say. This logical reasoning is nothing new to both men and women alike, yet the troubling stance arises form the fact that women continue to fight for â€Å"their† equality. Women should have an equal say in all socio-political matters and it shouldn’t have to go as far as declaring to fight for their rights. Feminism is simply demanding what should have been a societal norm to begin with; equality for both sexes and inclusion in all life matters. The inclusion is important to international peace, as Enloe repeatedly emphasizes, because socially unstable states whereShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Doing Business In Iraq1175 Words   |  5 Pagesand there is no need for justification of your position. They live to work and they â€Å"maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are int olerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas.† Uncertainty Avoidance Iraq scores high in Power Distance, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance. These are the most common scores of underdeveloped countries, both psychologically and within society. This high score in UAI is likely due to religion that is a large part of their culture. They demonstrate this throughoutRead MoreIntercultural Communication Shares Information Across Diverse Groups and Cultures827 Words   |  3 Pagescultures which have a low power distance do accept power relations which are more democratic in nature. In such organizations, people who hold inferior positions feel free to question their superiors and challenge them when it comes to decision making or policy suggestion. A good example of a country with low power distance is the United States and a country with high power distance is Saudi Arabia (De Vito, 2006). High power distance in a country not only affects the relationship between the governmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business900 Words   |  4 Pagesone of their top performers abroad for senior roles abroad. 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If Steve may have ideas the pizza business and Czech culture, he can create good relationships in his business ventureRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1498 Words   |  6 Pagesinvincibility. They were unconquerable and they truly stuck it about because they expected to win. Their ethos; beliefs of being highly favored children of God, attitudes of invincibility (homegrown and those spread through propaganda), patriotism, masculinity, and veteran comradery - on many different levels help to shape the war and the New South. For many diehard Rebels, religion cultivated strong beliefs of victory and the mindset of being unconquerable. Repeatedly, the Confederate beliefRead MoreEssay on Cultural Awareness1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing how culture and environment affect management in an institution. A culture and its environment affect the operations of a business because that culture generates practices based on its environment. To clarify, how a business sets its policies is based on cultural exceptions, like politics, points of view, whatever is considered the â€Å"norm† for that environment. In many cultures, it is also safe to assume that women do not have the same pull as a man in charge. An example of how womenRead MoreScholars As Well As Public Figures Have Suggested That1674 Words   |  7 Pagesgoes (and, actually, as a decent amount of empirical research suggests), tend to be more collaborative in work and leadership, more empathetic, and much, much less violent on an individual level. ,as Vice President Joe Biden recently suggested â€Å"foreign policy is a logical extension of personal relationships, â€Å"and if women are widely acknowledged to be canny at conducting them, perhaps it follows that female leadership in international affairs would pr oduce more empathy and collaboration between countries

Secrecy The American Experience By Senator Daniel P. Moynihan Essay Example For Students

Secrecy: The American Experience By Senator Daniel P. Moynihan Essay Secrecy: The American Experience? By Senator Daniel P. MoynihanAccording to a survey performed for the Defense Department in 1996, it was found that the majority of U.S. citizens believe that the government withholds too much information by classifying it as a secret. In this book, ?Secrecy: The American Experience?, Senator Daniel P. Moynihan reinforces that view. This is a distinctive book with numerous weaknesses, some errors, and one great strength. The weakness is that the book shows controversial arguments rather than a policy analysis. Moynihan has a particular view he wants to advance, and he is not interested in considering alternate explanations or exploring evidence that is contradictory with his view. Moynihan marks the start of modern secrecy with the Espionage Act. Most of the distinctive features of twentieth-century secrecy are rooted in the program to build the atomic bomb, including vast secret budgets and cover stories. I particularly enjoyed the book in that it told the truth of past events. I did not like that the book was written from only Moynihans point of view and did not discuss other opinions. I enjoyed the book because it is nonfiction and reveals the truth of secrecy in America. Most importantly I found it interesting that this book was written by Senator Moynihan rather than by an ordinary person who would make man y assumptions in order to write a book about secrecy. This US senator from New York analyzes the roots of Americas obsession with government secrecy and pleads for its dismantling. This book is not primarily an insiders account of the Government in action. It is, more ambitiously, a historical assessment of the ?culture of secrecy,? particularly in the area of foreign policy. Moynihan cites the CIAs failure to forecast the end of the Soviet Union as yet another deviation caused by secrecy. In his view, the CIA simply failed at its most important task. It is possible that all of those who argue to the contrary are mistaken, but Moynihan does not explain why or even acknowledge that there is a debate. In any case, the relevance of this controversy to government secrecy is weak; since CIA estimates of the Soviet Union economy are among the least secretive items it produced. Secrecy is heavily weighted toward the past. More than half the book is devoted to the period before 1950. Here t oo there are problems. Moynihan believes he has proved that President Harry Truman was never told about the secret army program known as Venona, which successfully decrypted Soviet communications and provided documentary evidence of Soviet espionage against the United States. There is circumstantial evidence that Truman was not informed about Venona, but Moynihan has not proved the negative. In 1996, the number of new secrets dropped to the lowest in recent decades. Never before has so much information about national security been so easily available to so many. How and why this came to pass is a story that has never been fully told, and it is not mentioned at all in this book. Daniel Patrick Moynihan draws two conclusions from his study of the way America keeps its secrets. If the federal government had revealed all it knew about Soviet espionage activities in the United States during and after World War II, there might have been no McCarthy era. If the U.S. intelligence community had needed its own analysis of the Soviet economy in the aftermath of World War II, there might have been no Cold War. These are the conclusions Moynihan makes. Moynihan proves that the American people and government have been the worst sufferers of this secrecy culture. For example: the xenophobic hysteria which led to the 1917 espionage act and the Dulles-Hoover cold war gyrations. Moynihan believes that the US assessments on the Soviet Union went so widely of the mark, in spite of capacity to access the best intelligence since the secret sources could not be tested and substantiated before acceptance as policy inputs. Excessive secrecy also affected the psyche of the American nation in the McCarthy and Vietnam Era. He feels that much of the witch hunting of the innocent could have been avoided had the intelligence available with the security services been revealed to the nation and the judiciary to focus on the treachery of Rosenbergs, Alger Hiss, Theodore Alwin, etc, who pretended to be the victims of a rightist conspiracy. Moynihan has serious doubts whether the policy of excessive secrecy had really protected even defense secrets. He q uotes Hans Bithe, who had taken active part in the Manhattan Project, telling Maryland University students in December 1994 that the Soviets would have been able to fabricate nuclear bombs in five years but because of espionage they did it in four. According to Moynihan, the Bay of Pigs fiasco could have been avoided had the policy-makers studied an open public opinion survey conducted by the Institute for International Social Research at Princeton in 1960, which clearly ruled out any possibility of shift in the Cuban publics allegiance to Fidel Castro. In India, a culture developed of hidings matters of the state from the citizens as well as from other parts of the government. Madhav Godbole, former home secretary had recalled how the intelligence bureau bypassed the home minister and his ministry in 1991-92 while holding secret negotiations with the ULFA. As a result, the home ministrys views were not considered while finalizing a hasty agreement with the terrorist group. That so- called agreement passed into history more as publicity stunt was evident by later events. Moynihan mourns that the end of the cold war did not bring about an appreciable change in the US governments attitude toward secrecy. While not advocating an end to secrecy, he certainly sees continued disturbing signs in this information age when most of what is needed to decide policy is available openly. Classification decisions in the US government increased by 2.2 million in 1996. Moynihan blames the state department spokesman for blaming the CIA on intelligence failure over Pokhran tests. Instead, the US attitude should have been based on the BJPs 1998 election manifesto, which gave clear indications of the exercise of nuclear option. If Moynihan feels to stifled with American experience even with its elaborate system of checks and balances, Freedom of Information Act, Congressional oversight and Inspectors General, how would he react to the Indian situation which may perhaps be the stand ing example of Richelieus dictum, ?Secrecy is the first essential in the affairs of the state.? It is hard to quarrel with Moynihans characterization of cold war secrecy as injuriously ?all-consuming.? For this reason it is surprising that he says so little about the Vietnam War. Moynihans argument is thoroughly borne out in the case of Lyndon Johnsons successor, Richard Nixon, whose passion for secrecy really was all-consuming. His undoing began with the publication of the Pentagon Papers. Nixon persuaded himself that those documents were vital to national security and so set in motion the retributive machinery that ultimately led to his resignation. Governmental Issues