African Iron Age - 1,000 Years of African Kingdoms

African Iron Age - 1,000 Years of African Kingdoms The African Iron Age is generally viewed as that period in Africa between the subsequent century AD up to around 1000 ADÂ when iron refining was polished. In Africa, in contrast to the Europe and Asia, the Iron Age isn't introduced by a Bronze or Copper Age, yet rather all the metals were united. The benefits of iron over stone are obviousiron is significantly more effective at cutting trees or quarrying stone than stone devices. Yet, iron purifying innovation is a malodorous, hazardous one. This concise article conceals Iron Age as far as possible of the primary thousand years AD. Pre-Industrial Iron Ore Technology To work iron, one must concentrate the metal starting from the earliest stage break it into pieces, at that point heat the pieces to a temperature of in any event 1100 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions. African Iron Age individuals assembled a tube shaped dirt heater and utilized charcoal and a hand-worked howls to arrive at the degree of warming for purifying. Once refined, the metal was isolated from its waste items or slag, and afterward brought to its shape by continued pounding and warming, called manufacturing. African Iron Age Lifeways From the second century AD to around 1000 AD, the Chifumbaze spread iron all through the biggest segment of Africa, eastern and southern Africa. The Chifumbaze were ranchers of squash, beans, sorghum and millet, and kept steers, sheep, goats and chickens. They constructed ridge settlements, at Bosutswe, enormous towns like Schrodaâ and huge fantastic locales like Great Zimbabwe. Gold, ivory, and glass globule working and exchange was a piece of a significant number of the social orders. Many talked a type of Bantu; numerous types of geometric and schematic stone workmanship are found all through south and eastern Africa. African Iron Age Time Line second thousand years BC: West Asians develop iron smelting8th century BC: Phoenicians carry iron to North Africa (Lepcis Magna, Carthage)8th-seventh century BC: First iron purifying in Ethiopia671 BC: Hyksos attack of Egypt7th-sixth century BC: First iron refining in the Sudan (Meroe, Jebel Moya)5th century BC: First iron purifying in West Africa (Jenne-Jeno, Taruka)5th century BC: Iron utilizing in eastern and southern Africa (Chifumbaze)4th century BC: Iron purifying in focal Africa (Obobogo, Oveng, Tchissanga)3rd century BC: First iron refining in Punic North Africa30 BC: Roman victory of Egypt first century AD: Jewish rebel against Rome1st century AD: Establishment of Aksum1st century AD: Iron purifying in southern and eastern Africa (Buhaya, Urewe)2nd century AD: Heyday of Roman control of North Africa2nd century AD: Widespread iron refining in southern and eastern Africa (Bosutswe, Toutswe, LydenbergAD 639: Arab intrusion of Egypt9th century AD: Lost wax technique bronze throw ing (Igbo Ukwu)8th century AD; Kingdom of Ghana, Kumbi Selah, Tegdaoust, Jenne-Jeno African Iron Age societies: Akan culture, Chifumbaze, Urewe African Iron Age issues: Sirikwa Holes, Inagina: Last House of Iron, Nok Art, Toutswe Tradition Sources David Phillipson. 2005. Iron-utilizing people groups before 1000 AD. African Archeology, third version. Cambridge Press: Cambridge.

What to Include in a College Essay

What to Include in a College EssayThe question 'what to include in a college essay' can be many different things to many different people. In this article I will give you some great tips on how to approach this question.Some of the best tips are going to be focusing on giving your essay a personal essay feel. For example, if you find that writing from the perspective of a guest speaker can help you make your ideas more easily understood, or if you find that writing your own experiences can help you find a broader perspective for your writing, then take the time to incorporate this perspective into your essay.You can also use quotes and metaphors to enhance your topic and your meaning. For example, you can use the lines 'I have been in pain,' 'pain has a way of making everything clear,' and 'the rain brought out the birds' as inspiration for your essay. These are just a few examples of where quotes and metaphors can help you.Another great tip when it comes to what to include in a coll ege essay is to try to use every word that you can. This sounds obvious, but you should spend time on every single word that you write. This gives your essay an authentic look and feel to it.When it comes to grammar, you should use some kind of rhyme or rhythm that you can use throughout your paper. Often the most effective approach is to use either a rhythm or rhyme to guide your thoughts. The two most effective examples are a modern beat and a Greek chorus.There's no real reason why your audience should be impressed with your paper. While it might be difficult to continue to make sense of your thoughts, you should let your audience see that you're sincere. For example, instead of feeling annoyed or embarrassed that you didn't use all of your ideas, you should try to come up with ways that you can be more creative and innovative.Finally, your college essay will not be as effective if you don't have strong sources in front of you. If you're taking a class with a professor or TA, you should always have a resource list or assignment paper with you.Hopefully by using these tips you can better understand what to include in a college essay. With a little help from your professor or TA, you should be able to get through this difficult project successfully.

Uncommon Argumentative Essay Topics For Your College Class

Uncommon Argumentative Essay Topics For Your College ClassThere are many unusual argumentative essay topics you can use to open up a really interesting and fun conversation in your college class. Even the student of color who has never been asked about anything besides their race or ethnicity could find an argumentative essay topic that they enjoy talking about. You will need to have some ideas for the essay topic, but the main idea is to have some fun writing and to get your student's attention by having some interesting facts and opinions.The most common argumentative essay topic is political topics. This is a topic that can be chosen with great interest because a lot of students feel excluded from the conversations around a lot of important issues. The essay topic could include the situation surrounding race in the United States, the debate on immigration and racism, the issues of healthcare and the cost of healthcare, or the importance of looking at an individual's religion when you consider their identity. Some students might not want to write a political argument for the essay topic because they feel that their focus should be on the content of the essay itself.However, these days there are many students who would much rather take a stand than having a political essay topics. With that said, it is important to remember that students are looking for a hobby or interest outside of school. They are looking for a way to find community and they are looking for a way to find common ground in their differences.So if you have an interesting argumentative essay topic, it is important to remember that you are not going to force your student to share their personal feelings or opinions with you. That may seem like a nice thing to do, but it can be hard for a student to share their own views when they are always asked to do so in class. You are trying to get your student's attention and they need to know that you are interested in their opinion and that you are willi ng to consider their viewpoint.There are many other argumentative essay topics. These include things like: relationships, creativity, travel, the importance of humor, ethics, consumerism, and politics. There are many other arguments that can be used, but keep in mind that the main purpose of the essay is to get your student's attention. They will ask you questions and you need to be prepared to give them good, well-crafted answers.One common answer is 'I don't know.' This is a good answer to the question and students love to hear a factual answer. It might seem like a cop-out, but if you want to get the attention of your student, it can be helpful to answer their questions directly.Remember that you do not need to worry about finding some unusual argumentative essay topics. Instead, you will want to think about what the students want to talk about in the class. If you can't come up with a good topic to talk about in class, you might want to consider a conversation starter.

Middle Ages vs Renaissance - 2279 Words

Life during the middle ages (1066-1485) was dictated by how much money you had. Were you a noble? Or were you a peasant. Your quality of life was in direct proportion to your status. Lords of the Noble class ruled territories, also known as villages. These villages mainly consisted of one room houses, with maybe a church and a blacksmith shop. Peasants or serfs lived in these villages and worked under said Lord. Daily life was all about survival. The days were spent planting and growing food, harvesting the crop, sewing clothes, and making any supplies that were needed to survive. Trading between different villages was something that was only done as a last resort. People in each village worked together to make their own village†¦show more content†¦Freedom of expression was definitely not on the agenda during the middle ages. It was considered a way to enhance the scripture and help to teach it. Many were illustrated manuscripts as the printing press had not been i nvented yet. No sculptures were commissioned for fear of them being viewed as an idol. No individual portraits were allowed for the same reason. Color tones of paintings were muted, and simple as was the dimensions of a painting. They all seemed to be like you were looking at them straight on, one dimensional, and the faces were of a somber expression. Architecture of the churches was based on the way people worshiped. Emperor Constantine commissioned the building of large churches to accommodate the large crowds of mass Christian worship. This is where the basilica type came about. It was a large rectangular building with a large center aisle known as the Nave. As the middle ages progressed, the needs of the church evolved as did the architecture. In what was called the Romanesque Architecture they began building churches in the shape of a cross with wide aisles. The roof was made of stone, because earlier roofs of wood had been prone to fire. Because the walls had to be so strong to support the roof, there was very little light, adding to the somberness of church. The darkness would not be overcome until the Gothic era of architecture. At the end of the middle ages, Gothic Architecture came to life.Show MoreRelatedMiddle Ages vs. the Renaissance Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many contrasts in the beliefs and values of the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a time of great suffering, including famine and widespread disease. The Renaissance, however, was a revival of art, learning, and literature. Their views of the purpose of life in the present world and mans place in the world was, perhaps, the greatest contrast. However, their views on politics, religion, and education were very different as well. The purpose of life and mans place inRead MoreA Comparison of The Middle Ages vs. The Renaissance Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages and Renaissance where worlds apart in every aspect of life. In areas of art, tools such as perspective, realism, and individualism showed the great leap in creativity during the Renaissance. Likewise, the worldly individual, or the â€Å"Renaissance Man†, was an improvement over the ignorant, spiritual man of the Middle Ages. Also, the revival of classical learning and education that occurred in the Renaissance was the exact opposite of the suppression of learning during the Middle AgesRead MoreEssay on Medieval vs. Renaissance Art887 Words   |  4 PagesMedieval vs. Renaissance Art Art during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. To the people in the medieval world, religion was their life. Everything in daily life focused around the church and God (Modern World 164). Medieval culture influenced the arts; this was evident in the religious themes. During the Italian Renaissance, painters and other artists focused on the portrayal of a more humanistic way ofRead More Madonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman827 Words   |  4 PagesMadonna vs. Eve A portrait of the Renaissance Woman The role of women has been portrayed through art since prehistoric times. Women have been a sign of hope, downfall, and power. This image of women was most powerful during the Renaissance. A cultural revival or rebirth occurred during the 15th and 16th century in Europe. The economic growth of the 14th century created a prosperous middle class. This allowed more of the mass to invest their income. Patronage of the arts soon became very fashionableRead MoreArt During The Middle Ages1243 Words   |  5 PagesArt during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. In the Middle Ages the subject of almost all European art was religion, specifically. Although Renaissance artists continued to paint religious paintings and portraits of individuals, they also focused on the details of everyday life. They also used new techniques such as sfumato, chiaroscuro and perspective. The artists of the Italian Renaissance exp ressed the idealsRead MoreThe Battle Of Poitiers During The Hundred Year War1711 Words   |  7 Pageswell as the death of Henry V’s brother Thomas. After the battle of Agincourt, the battle of Verneuil. The battle of Verneuil happened after the battle of Agincourt to get rid of the English in Normandy. The battle was between the French and Scotland vs England began. The French charged toward the English however the English used their archers to dispose of the French and Scots. The allied forces lost and the french and scottish armies retreated and Scotland stopped aiding the French in the HundredRead MoreThe Crusades During The Middle Ages1152 Words   |  5 Pages The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in art and culture after the Middle Ages. The Crusades helped Medieval Europe to flourish and grow out of the Dark Ages. The Crusades affected daily life and caused major effects in political, economical and cultural Medieval Europe. The first Crusade was gaining control o ver the Holy Land, but the later Crusades were fights over regaining land. The Byzantine Empire fell during the fourth Crusade after an attack on their capital, Constantinople, took placeRead MoreThe Origins Of Humanity And Major Periods : Middle Ages, Renaissance, And Enlightenment1454 Words   |  6 Pages Exam One: Origin of Humanity Alexis Jayne Milligan Bethune-Cookman University SS 245 WO Interdisciplinary Social Science Dr. Dorcas E. McCoy April 10, 2016 This paper will discuss the origins of humanity and three major periods: Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Enlightenment. The relevance of evolution, natural selection via Charles Darwin, intelligent design, and scientific creationism. Then the human thought and social thought on these epochs will be further debated. Biblical reference hasRead MoreRenaissance Ideals of Humanism Are Expressed in the Italian Art of the Period970 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss how Renaissance ideals of humanism are expressed in the Italian art of the period, referring to specific works and artists. During the fourteenth century Italy witnessed notable changes, which throughout the next couple of centuries extended towards northern Europe. This was later described as the Renaissance, the cultural achievements through sixteenth centuries; those achievements rest on the economic and political developments of earlier centuries. (Western Society, 413) This wasRead MoreDefining The Terms Renaissance And Humanism875 Words   |  4 Pages1. Define the terms Renaissance and humanism. As mentioned in the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Renaissance†, the Renaissance or â€Å"Rebirth† showcased a cultural shift exhibiting both scientific and artistic transformation and advancement between the Middle Ages and the early stages of the Modern age in Europe (2014). In the New World Encyclopedia article â€Å"Humanism†, Humanism’s scope primarily focuses on human beings: human being s place in relations to nature, human potential, human beauty, etc

Masculinity As A Foreign Policy - 3270 Words

Cynthia Enloe’s concepts in Masculinity as a Foreign Policy Issue highlight a deeper problem reflecting the systematic separation of sexes and its’ impact on international affairs. Enloe claims that â€Å"Stalling progress towards bringing feminist analyses into foreign policy decision-making processes has been the conventionally naà ¯ve belief that international affairs – trade, immigration, high tech weapons dales – have nothing to do with gender. They do.† Feminist movement in 70’s and 80’s have had a profound impact on formulating final decisions regarding our involvement in wars in Southeast Asia for instance, so deeming international affairs as gender exclusive is a conscious choice which is only hindering peace prospects on global scale. Limiting women from projecting their point of view in final decision-making regarding international peace is preventing almost half of states population aspirations in a collective say. This logical reasoning is nothing new to both men and women alike, yet the troubling stance arises form the fact that women continue to fight for â€Å"their† equality. Women should have an equal say in all socio-political matters and it shouldn’t have to go as far as declaring to fight for their rights. Feminism is simply demanding what should have been a societal norm to begin with; equality for both sexes and inclusion in all life matters. The inclusion is important to international peace, as Enloe repeatedly emphasizes, because socially unstable states whereShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Doing Business In Iraq1175 Words   |  5 Pagesand there is no need for justification of your position. They live to work and they â€Å"maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are int olerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas.† Uncertainty Avoidance Iraq scores high in Power Distance, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance. These are the most common scores of underdeveloped countries, both psychologically and within society. This high score in UAI is likely due to religion that is a large part of their culture. They demonstrate this throughoutRead MoreIntercultural Communication Shares Information Across Diverse Groups and Cultures827 Words   |  3 Pagescultures which have a low power distance do accept power relations which are more democratic in nature. In such organizations, people who hold inferior positions feel free to question their superiors and challenge them when it comes to decision making or policy suggestion. A good example of a country with low power distance is the United States and a country with high power distance is Saudi Arabia (De Vito, 2006). High power distance in a country not only affects the relationship between the governmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Management On The Globalization Of Business900 Words   |  4 Pagesone of their top performers abroad for senior roles abroad. Expatriates were expected to live and work aboard for an extended period of time. These long term foreign assignments were meant to enhance their (expats) career and the organization had someone whom they trust working for them in a foreign outpost. Since persons selected for a foreign assignment were top performers at home, it was assumed that they will succeed abroad too. But after studying expats performance abroad, it has become clearRead MoreAbnormal Factors Of Foreign Relations856 Words   |  4 PagesAbnormal Factors in Foreign Relations. Scholars usually mention about government or economics insteads of gender and race in their studies about foreign relations. Gender and race are stated as atypical factors in this field. Laura McEnaney and Michael Krenn seek the historical evidence to prove their thesis that gender and race are vital in forming foreign relation in the United States. Because gender, race and foreign relation seem not related to each other, choosing the example plays a vitalRead MoreAnalysis of Cultural Differences1580 Words   |  7 Pageshave to be aware of social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological factors. Before launching a product into a foreign market, the company has to observe and acknowledge specific differences in that particular market and its main target audiences. Upon completion of cultural analysis the company should design its market strategies in a way that suits foreign markets needs and wants. This paper will discuss the economic environment and cultural climat e for the Czech Republic, in orderRead MoreA New Forms Of Trans National Management Organization Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesabroad subsidiary may be hampered by constraints set by the culture and tradition of the host country (Jain et al., 1998). In compare to, home country variation are more likely to create complexity for the â€Å"reverse† distribution of practice back from foreign subsidiaries. For trans-national business organization trying to develop â€Å"global† best practice, national limitations could be resulting from both the home and host country (Ferner, 1997; Edwards, 1998; Edwards and Ferner, 2000; Zhang, 2001). DissimilarityRead MoreEssay on The Cultural Challenges Of Doing Business Overseas1348 Words   |  6 Pagesvendors and beer, soda, and juice are popular throughout the day in Czech. Many desserts are also made from fruit. With these differences, Steve has to consider the best marketing strategy to develop for selling beer and pizza with d eserts in the new foreign market. People often gesture with their hands to emphasize their meaning in conversation whereas in U.S it is somewhat important. If Steve may have ideas the pizza business and Czech culture, he can create good relationships in his business ventureRead MoreThe Battle Of The War1498 Words   |  6 Pagesinvincibility. They were unconquerable and they truly stuck it about because they expected to win. Their ethos; beliefs of being highly favored children of God, attitudes of invincibility (homegrown and those spread through propaganda), patriotism, masculinity, and veteran comradery - on many different levels help to shape the war and the New South. For many diehard Rebels, religion cultivated strong beliefs of victory and the mindset of being unconquerable. Repeatedly, the Confederate beliefRead MoreEssay on Cultural Awareness1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing how culture and environment affect management in an institution. A culture and its environment affect the operations of a business because that culture generates practices based on its environment. To clarify, how a business sets its policies is based on cultural exceptions, like politics, points of view, whatever is considered the â€Å"norm† for that environment. In many cultures, it is also safe to assume that women do not have the same pull as a man in charge. An example of how womenRead MoreScholars As Well As Public Figures Have Suggested That1674 Words   |  7 Pagesgoes (and, actually, as a decent amount of empirical research suggests), tend to be more collaborative in work and leadership, more empathetic, and much, much less violent on an individual level. ,as Vice President Joe Biden recently suggested â€Å"foreign policy is a logical extension of personal relationships, â€Å"and if women are widely acknowledged to be canny at conducting them, perhaps it follows that female leadership in international affairs would pr oduce more empathy and collaboration between countries

Secrecy The American Experience By Senator Daniel P. Moynihan Essay Example For Students

Secrecy: The American Experience By Senator Daniel P. Moynihan Essay Secrecy: The American Experience? By Senator Daniel P. MoynihanAccording to a survey performed for the Defense Department in 1996, it was found that the majority of U.S. citizens believe that the government withholds too much information by classifying it as a secret. In this book, ?Secrecy: The American Experience?, Senator Daniel P. Moynihan reinforces that view. This is a distinctive book with numerous weaknesses, some errors, and one great strength. The weakness is that the book shows controversial arguments rather than a policy analysis. Moynihan has a particular view he wants to advance, and he is not interested in considering alternate explanations or exploring evidence that is contradictory with his view. Moynihan marks the start of modern secrecy with the Espionage Act. Most of the distinctive features of twentieth-century secrecy are rooted in the program to build the atomic bomb, including vast secret budgets and cover stories. I particularly enjoyed the book in that it told the truth of past events. I did not like that the book was written from only Moynihans point of view and did not discuss other opinions. I enjoyed the book because it is nonfiction and reveals the truth of secrecy in America. Most importantly I found it interesting that this book was written by Senator Moynihan rather than by an ordinary person who would make man y assumptions in order to write a book about secrecy. This US senator from New York analyzes the roots of Americas obsession with government secrecy and pleads for its dismantling. This book is not primarily an insiders account of the Government in action. It is, more ambitiously, a historical assessment of the ?culture of secrecy,? particularly in the area of foreign policy. Moynihan cites the CIAs failure to forecast the end of the Soviet Union as yet another deviation caused by secrecy. In his view, the CIA simply failed at its most important task. It is possible that all of those who argue to the contrary are mistaken, but Moynihan does not explain why or even acknowledge that there is a debate. In any case, the relevance of this controversy to government secrecy is weak; since CIA estimates of the Soviet Union economy are among the least secretive items it produced. Secrecy is heavily weighted toward the past. More than half the book is devoted to the period before 1950. Here t oo there are problems. Moynihan believes he has proved that President Harry Truman was never told about the secret army program known as Venona, which successfully decrypted Soviet communications and provided documentary evidence of Soviet espionage against the United States. There is circumstantial evidence that Truman was not informed about Venona, but Moynihan has not proved the negative. In 1996, the number of new secrets dropped to the lowest in recent decades. Never before has so much information about national security been so easily available to so many. How and why this came to pass is a story that has never been fully told, and it is not mentioned at all in this book. Daniel Patrick Moynihan draws two conclusions from his study of the way America keeps its secrets. If the federal government had revealed all it knew about Soviet espionage activities in the United States during and after World War II, there might have been no McCarthy era. If the U.S. intelligence community had needed its own analysis of the Soviet economy in the aftermath of World War II, there might have been no Cold War. These are the conclusions Moynihan makes. Moynihan proves that the American people and government have been the worst sufferers of this secrecy culture. For example: the xenophobic hysteria which led to the 1917 espionage act and the Dulles-Hoover cold war gyrations. Moynihan believes that the US assessments on the Soviet Union went so widely of the mark, in spite of capacity to access the best intelligence since the secret sources could not be tested and substantiated before acceptance as policy inputs. Excessive secrecy also affected the psyche of the American nation in the McCarthy and Vietnam Era. He feels that much of the witch hunting of the innocent could have been avoided had the intelligence available with the security services been revealed to the nation and the judiciary to focus on the treachery of Rosenbergs, Alger Hiss, Theodore Alwin, etc, who pretended to be the victims of a rightist conspiracy. Moynihan has serious doubts whether the policy of excessive secrecy had really protected even defense secrets. He q uotes Hans Bithe, who had taken active part in the Manhattan Project, telling Maryland University students in December 1994 that the Soviets would have been able to fabricate nuclear bombs in five years but because of espionage they did it in four. According to Moynihan, the Bay of Pigs fiasco could have been avoided had the policy-makers studied an open public opinion survey conducted by the Institute for International Social Research at Princeton in 1960, which clearly ruled out any possibility of shift in the Cuban publics allegiance to Fidel Castro. In India, a culture developed of hidings matters of the state from the citizens as well as from other parts of the government. Madhav Godbole, former home secretary had recalled how the intelligence bureau bypassed the home minister and his ministry in 1991-92 while holding secret negotiations with the ULFA. As a result, the home ministrys views were not considered while finalizing a hasty agreement with the terrorist group. That so- called agreement passed into history more as publicity stunt was evident by later events. Moynihan mourns that the end of the cold war did not bring about an appreciable change in the US governments attitude toward secrecy. While not advocating an end to secrecy, he certainly sees continued disturbing signs in this information age when most of what is needed to decide policy is available openly. Classification decisions in the US government increased by 2.2 million in 1996. Moynihan blames the state department spokesman for blaming the CIA on intelligence failure over Pokhran tests. Instead, the US attitude should have been based on the BJPs 1998 election manifesto, which gave clear indications of the exercise of nuclear option. If Moynihan feels to stifled with American experience even with its elaborate system of checks and balances, Freedom of Information Act, Congressional oversight and Inspectors General, how would he react to the Indian situation which may perhaps be the stand ing example of Richelieus dictum, ?Secrecy is the first essential in the affairs of the state.? It is hard to quarrel with Moynihans characterization of cold war secrecy as injuriously ?all-consuming.? For this reason it is surprising that he says so little about the Vietnam War. Moynihans argument is thoroughly borne out in the case of Lyndon Johnsons successor, Richard Nixon, whose passion for secrecy really was all-consuming. His undoing began with the publication of the Pentagon Papers. Nixon persuaded himself that those documents were vital to national security and so set in motion the retributive machinery that ultimately led to his resignation. Governmental Issues

Teenage pregnancy 2 Essay Example For Students

Teenage pregnancy 2 Essay Teenage Pregnancy As her baby is screaming, seventeen year-old Annette wonders what they are going to eat for dinner tonight. It is the end of the month and her welfare check has run out. The childs diaper is wet and Annette scrambles in the bathroom, searching for a clean one. Although this scenario is make believe, it is reality for many young teens across the nation. The United States has a higher teenager pregnancy rate than any other developed country in the entire world (http://btio. We will write a custom essay on Teenage pregnancy 2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now com/facts.htm). A solution must be found for this escalating problem! First of all, about one million teenagers become pregnant each year and more than 530,000 give birth (http://babynet.ddwi.com/tlc/pregnancy/teenfact.html#intro). Too add to the problem, thirty-one percent of all mothers are unmarried when they give birth, and that is including two-thirds of all teenage mothers (DiConsiglio, p10). Our nations government can only offer help in this major problem by fathering the mother and child with a welfare check each month. The problem still does not become resolved, and the government continues to fork over our money to the young families. Next, to even begin to come up with a solution to this problem, one must identify the cause of it. Is irresponsibility of young adults the only reason for this growing problem? Why are more and more teenagers becoming pregnant as time goes on? And why hasnt this been such a big problem thirty years ago? All deserving speculation, there are many possible reasons why teenage Americans are becoming unwed mothers. First of all, todays kids are not being taught morality like they used to. Politician, Alan Keys, says that children are not getting the moral guidance that promotes abstinence from sex (DiConsiglio, p10). It is worth noting that a survey conducted in 1990 found that 61 percent of the males and 48 percent of the females reported that they have engaged in sexual intercourse by their senior year in high school (Harvey and Spigner, p260). President Clinton tried to combat this lack of morality by placing emphasis on sex education, including programs like making condoms available in schools (DiConsiglio, p10). But wouldnt the distribution of condoms in schools promote unmarried sex? Isnt the main problem that todays children are having sex at younger ages than before? Secondly, the Hollywood of today contributes a great deal to the problem. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to alert parents about televisions effects on their children. Through research, this committee has concluded that American teens see an estimated amount of 14,000 sexual references and innuendos per year on television, and only 150 of them refer to responsible sex, contraceptive use, and abstinence (Palar, p48). It is also alarming to know that by the time the average American child enters first grade, they have watched more than 5,000 hours of television, and that excludes any television watched during the first two years of life (Rosemond, p46). At this rate, by the time our kids reach the age of seventy, they will have watched seven to ten years of television (Palar, p48). During the first six years of life is when that child is acquiring learning skills. When the child watches television he/she is passively staring at constantly changing images (Rosemond, p48). Therefore, as the content of todays TV shows worsen, the children of today are learning immorality at younger ages, and the future of this issues looks grim. Another alarming statistic which sheds light on this issue is the following: Out of all teen mothers, sixty-six percent of them had children by men who were twenty or older (Klein, p32). .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .postImageUrl , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:hover , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:visited , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:active { border:0!important; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:active , .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3ea0fb54237a4cde6dc2646509fb6ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Art Improves Our Lives Essay Also, a 1992 Washington state study found that 62 percent of 535 teen mothers had been raped or molested before they became pregnant, and the offenders average age was 27.4 years (Klein, p32). Why are teenage girls becoming a target for older men? Probably because after they have been abused, they look for the fatherly attention they never had. An example of this particular issue is from a young girl named Charlette. When she was only fourteen years old she was faced with many hard times. Her stepfather came back from prison and was beating on her mother and herself. . Teenage pregnancy 2 Essay Example For Students Teenage pregnancy 2 Essay Teenage Pregnancy As her baby is screaming, seventeen year-old Annette wonders what they are going to eat for dinner tonight. It is the end of the month and her welfare check has run out. The childs diaper is wet and Annette scrambles in the bathroom, searching for a clean one. Although this scenario is make believe, it is reality for many young teens across the nation. The United States has a higher teenager pregnancy rate than any other developed country in the entire world (http://btio. We will write a custom essay on Teenage pregnancy 2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now com/facts.htm). A solution must be found for this escalating problem! First of all, about one million teenagers become pregnant each year and more than 530,000 give birth (http://babynet.ddwi.com/tlc/pregnancy/teenfact.html#intro). Too add to the problem, thirty-one percent of all mothers are unmarried when they give birth, and that is including two-thirds of all teenage mothers (DiConsiglio, p10). Our nations government can only offer help in this major problem by fathering the mother and child with a welfare check each month. The problem still does not become resolved, and the government continues to fork over our money to the young families. Next, to even begin to come up with a solution to this problem, one must identify the cause of it. Is irresponsibility of young adults the only reason for this growing problem? Why are more and more teenagers becoming pregnant as time goes on? And why hasnt this been such a big problem thirty years ago? All deserving speculation, there are many possible reasons why teenage Americans are becoming unwed mothers. First of all, todays kids are not being taught morality like they used to. Politician, Alan Keys, says that children are not getting the moral guidance that promotes abstinence from sex (DiConsiglio, p10). It is worth noting that a survey conducted in 1990 found that 61 percent of the males and 48 percent of the females reported that they have engaged in sexual intercourse by their senior year in high school (Harvey and Spigner, p260). President Clinton tried to combat this lack of morality by placing emphasis on sex education, including programs like making condoms available in schools (DiConsiglio, p10). But wouldnt the distribution of condoms in schools promote unmarried sex? Isnt the main problem that todays children are having sex at younger ages than before? Secondly, the Hollywood of today contributes a great deal to the problem. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to alert parents about televisions effects on their children. Through research, this committee has concluded that American teens see an estimated amount of 14,000 sexual references and innuendos per year on television, and only 150 of them refer to responsible sex, contraceptive use, and abstinence (Palar, p48). It is also alarming to know that by the time the average American child enters first grade, they have watched more than 5,000 hours of television, and that excludes any television watched during the first two years of life (Rosemond, p46). At this rate, by the time our kids reach the age of seventy, they will have watched seven to ten years of television (Palar, p48). During the first six years of life is when that child is acquiring learning skills. When the child watches television he/she is passively staring at constantly changing images (Rosemond, p48). Therefore, as the content of todays TV shows worsen, the children of today are learning immorality at younger ages, and the future of this issues looks grim. Another alarming statistic which sheds light on this issue is the following: Out of all teen mothers, sixty-six percent of them had children by men who were twenty or older (Klein, p32). .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .postImageUrl , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:hover , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:visited , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:active { border:0!important; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:active , .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90669ce208feee4d86c46253e1721bcc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm Essay Thesis Also, a 1992 Washington state study found that 62 percent of 535 teen mothers had been raped or molested before they became pregnant, and the offenders average age was 27.4 years (Klein, p32). Why are teenage girls becoming a target for older men? Probably because after they have been abused, they look for the fatherly attention they never had. An example of this particular issue is from a young girl named Charlette. When she was only fourteen years old she was faced with many hard times. Her stepfather came back from prison and was beating on her mother and .

To what Extent was the fall of the 1918-22 Coalition Government due to economic factors Essays

To what Extent was the fall of the 1918-22 Coalition Government due to economic factors Essays To what Extent was the fall of the 1918-22 Coalition Government due to economic factors Essay To what Extent was the fall of the 1918-22 Coalition Government due to economic factors Essay The fall of the Coalition Government was due to economic factors, but there were other factors that contributed to the fall. The problem with Ireland, the Foreign Policy and the parties and politics also caused the fall. The coalition was firstly formed because of a number of factors; the conservatives were low on confidence and thought that they could use Lloyd Georges personality to help them get into power. There was also lots of problems to sort out after the war and it was seen that these could have been dealt with easier in a coalition. The main part of this essay will be split up into three sections; one will talk about the economy, one about the foreign affairs and one about internal politics. There will then be a conclusion. The fall of the economy is the main theme of the essay. World War 1 had major effects on Britains economy. By the end of the war a total of 745 000 Britons had been killed and 1. 6 million Britons had been wounded. This obviously meat that when it came Britain recovering from war and trying to get back to normal there were less people available for work because of injury or death. 3. 5 million people were receiving some form of pension or supportive allowance, so a large amount of government money was being used up on this. Britain were also owed a lot of money by Russia and needed this money to pay back the U. S. but Russia werent paying up. The unemployment levels were rising extremely high and by 1921 the figure for unemployed was over 2 million. This meant that people would have been discontent with the government and their actions. The war meant that lots of munitions and arms would have needed to be produced, however there was an over-investment in all of this, which was a waste of government money. All of these factors had harmed the economy and led to inflation, which in-turn led to the British public being unhappy with the government and Lloyd George was becoming more and more unpopular. Foreign affairs contributed to the fall of the coalition government as well. This includes the Foreign Policy and the Irish question. The Irish question was the most troublesome political problem the coalition faced. It was a very violent problem as violence was used a lot of the time by the Irish, this violence harmed Lloyd Georges reputation as Prime Minister because he took the blame. On Bloody Sunday, 14 Britons were shot dead and British troops had fired on an unarmed crowd killing another 12. In Ireland, almost 1000 people were killed between January 1919 and July 1921. This is an example of the violence and why it tarnished Lloyd Georges reputation. England lost Ireland and this was a big blow to its empire. Foreign policy was a concern throughout the few years for the coalition; it was always another worry and another problem along with all the rest. There were problems with the Treaty of Versailles because the Liberals thought it was too harsh on Germany but the Conservatives thought it was too lenient. So here there was an argument caused. Lloyd Georges foreign policy was aimed at reconciling France and Germany and bringing the Soviet Union back into World Affairs. However these failed and the Frenchs hate for Germany was still just as strong. The treaty of Sevres which was signed with Turkey meant that most of the Ottoman empire was distributed to the victors of World War 1. This treaty was considered far too harsh and a conflict was made between Britain and Turkey. Chanak also caused harm to the coalition. Because Lloyd George was pro-Greek and the conservatives were pro-Turkey, George had offended them and was risking war at a time when morale was low and no-one wanted another war. Internal politics is the last factor which helped cause the fall of the coalition government. Parties and politics and the Coupon Election are the main points. The Coupon Election was an electoral act that existed between Lloyd George and his Conservative party allies. 2 Liberal parties were split down the middle into Lloyd Georges Liberals in the coalition and Asquiths Liberals outside of the coalition. During the coalition and the coupon election Lloyd George had a great partnership with Andrew Bonar Law. During the coupon election Law was of great help to George and when he resigned in 1921 Lloyd George was left in a vulnerable position and the problems of the coalition got even greater. The way the parties were structured at this time is this final reason for the fall. Basically the Liberals should have been the opposition leadership to the Conservatives and were up until they split into two parties; Coalition liberals and Asquiths Liberals. This split allowed Ramsey MacDonalds Labour party to leap-frog the Liberals and become the opposition leadership and the Labour partys support was increasing which was a problem for the coalition. The communist party were only a small party without a lot of support and were really unable to influence the elections. The economy was the main factor for the fall of the coalition government, more so than any of the others discussed. However the other factors which were discussed were also important in the fall of the government. The other factors just made the situation for the coalition government worse and the economy couldnt be dealt with because of all these other problems. The Honours Scandal, used as excuse by the Conservatives to end the coalition, did not bring about the fall on its own. Honours Scandal was where people could donate money to a political party and therefore receive a title i. e. Lord. Lloyd George didnt use it correctly and gave titles to just about anyone requesting them. The Conservatives had had enough of Lloyd George and wanted to get rid of him, and the Honours Scandal gave them a convenient excuse to get rid of him. The end of the coalition was significant as a whole because it meant the end of them for a long period of time. There wasnt another coalition that decade.

Case Study of KFC Malaysia Holding

Case Study of KFC Malaysia Holding â€Å"A Case Study of KFC Malaysia Holding: Channel used by KFC to solve communication crisis† Abstract On 6th February 2013,the kitchen staff of KFC I- City outlet at Shah Alam, has gone violent towardone of the customers due to miscommunication. The customer was then put on the floor after a heated argument between the staffs and the customer.This problem then solve by KFC Malaysia Holding with a proper alternatives. One of the alternatives used by the company is to use the right channel in solving the issue. Basically, the main aim of this research is to examine the channel used by KFC Malaysia Holding to solve the communication issue specifically the incident of staff and customer caught into a fighting. This research is tries to answer the question of the effectiveness of the channel used by the company to solve the problem or issue. The survey method will be employed in this research for data collection. As this method fall under quantitative method, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software will be used to analyze the data. The finding of this research will help the future researchers to understand the effectiveness of channel used by the Food & BeveragesCompany in solving their problem or issue. Besides, this research will help to add more literature on the same topic. Keywords: Channel, problem, Food & Beverages, Effectiveness Literature Review Definition of Crisis In Effective Crisis Communication (2011), crises can best define as unique moments in the history of an organization. Nowadays, the word â€Å"crisis† has been used widely in a daily conversation. People used this word to describe their problem. For example, they refer to this word if they forgot about their appointments with their clients, having a bad hair days or even quarrel with the family members. All of these are awful experiences do not portray or describe the crisis. When it comes to the company, most of the company refers crisis as something that rel ated to the problem. For example low sales or short of manpower are assume as the crisis to the company. All of the situations are not crisis. But, usually the company will consider all the situations as crisis. Crisis is defined as any situation that is threatening or could even threaten to harm people or property, seriously interrupt business, damage reputation and/or negatively impact stock value (Jonathan Bernstein,2006). According to Hermann (1963), he identified three characteristics of separating crises that are surprise, threat and short response time. An event will not achieve the level of crisis without coming as a surprise, posing a critical level of threat and forcing a short response period. Robert, Timothy & Matthew(2011) mentioned in their study that crises can be divided into two categories which are intentional crises andunintentional crises. â€Å"Intentional crises are those international acts which is designed to harm an organization such as terrorism, sabotage, workplace violence and poor risk management whereas unintentional crises are the crises caused by natural and some uncontrollable factors such as natural disasters or product failure† (Robert, Timothy & Matthew, 2011). As for the incident case happened in KFC Malaysia I-City outlet, the incident are category under the unintentional case of crisis. The incident happened due to some misunderstanding between the worker and a customer who has been waiting for the food for some times and did not get the food.

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants Term Paper

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants - Term Paper Example Though it may consider late to take up such a noble action of showing environment concern because the environmental condition is somehow in a steep situation wherein global warming continues to affect every nation, climate change renders human activity dysfunctional, rising seashore levels threatens the humankind, and increasing level of scarcity when it comes to natural resources, we cannot consider invalid the efforts made nowadays to counter these problems. The world starts to become highly industrialized. It is understood that a highly industrialized nation has a tendency to produce more wastes that inevitably affect the world. The negative effects of industrialization like environmental degradation escalate on a different level. Their technological advancements and innovations affect not just their nations but other nations as well. One thing to consider though is not all the industrialized nations are the ones to blame on this global ecological turmoil despite the fact that the ir wastes constitute the major reason for this imbalance in the biosphere. Even the not so industrialized nations still have their impacts on the global environmental problem. In viewing the world nowadays, it cannot be denied that the nations who have advanced technologies constantly develop new means to address to full-scope of the environmental problems. In industrialized nations, machinery has become very vital when it comes to production. It is even complex because despite the convenience it gives to the welfare of the country in the sustenance of its needs, there are harsher effects that they introduce on the environment that is being addressed lately. There are several efforts to counter these global problems. New lubricants have been developed. Lubricants are considered to be vital since it deals with machines. However, it cannot be avoided that lubricants, before the development of the environment-friendly ones, have posed a serious predicament since it contributed to pollu tion that greatly affected the marine, the terrestrial and the aerial biodiversity. People, at first, seem to be so doubtful about the use of these new lubricants. At the same time, most of them neglect the fact that the effects of the use of eco-friendly lubricants have contributed to the welfare of the environment and were not fully aware of the successes of the researchers and innovations made that pertain to its usage. In my years of practice in an oil company in Texas, I am able to see with my own eyes the full capacity of these newly-formulated and environment-friendly lubricants. They have yielded positive results despite certain negative implications. Based on how I have seen these outcomes, I am able to prove with certainty that the positive effects indeed outweigh the negative ones. Also, there can still be improvements which the scientist and engineers can still work on in improving further the function of these lubricants. During my stay in the oil company I work for, th ey have considered these environment-friendly lubricants to be a better choice.

General strain theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

General strain theory - Assignment Example The social control theory outlines that there may different social structures within the society which can actually induce a person to commit crime. General Strain Theory or GST therefore proved one of the most important and critical theories in criminology providing explanation to the issues such as the commitment of crime and deviance by the adolescents in a given society. (Agnew, 1992) GST can provide a set of plausible explanations to the crimes committed by the likes of John Wayne Gacy, Jr. This is owing to the fact that GST actually outlines as to whether some strains on an individual can actually force a person to commit the crime and engage into other activities in order to relieve such strain on him or her. GST on the whole therefore outlines different social elements which can combine together to help an individual to become more inclined towards crime and use crime as a tool to relieve pressure of such strains on him or her. This paper will therefore discuss the general st rain theory with special reference to the case of Wayne Gacy and will present the theoretical analysis of the same besides exploring the policy implications of the same. Description of the Offender John Wayne Gacy was one of the serial killers in US who have murdered and raped 33 teenage boys and men over the period of time. Most of his victims were buried in his own home whereas some of them were actually thrown into the river to discard them permanently. He was also nicknamed as Killer Clown because he would often dress like Pogo the clown in different charitable services and parties where he was a regular attendee. A closer analysis of the life of Gacy would indicate that his inclination towards the life of crime and sex was largely influenced by the environment in which he was living. He was offered a job of manager at three KFCs by his father in law in Waterloo, Iowa and it was in Waterloo that he started to engage himself in homosexuality besides forcing teenage employees of h is stores to make sex with him. (Cahil, 1986) He was psychologically examined after his first arrest and it was concluded by the doctors that he possessed antisocial personality and that it may be difficult to fully rehabilitate him out of such behaviors. What is however, critical to note that he was active in the community services and was also subsequently appreciated and rewarded for his community services also? Despite such behavior, he continued to commit the murder and rape of the teenage boys and other males to whom he described as male prostitutes. Overview of theory As discussed above that the General Strain Theory is a combination of different theories and finally culminated into a broader theory with focus on the sociology as well as the criminology. The basic postulates of the theory suggest that the social structures within society can pressure citizens to actually commit crimes and as such may result into the increased instances of the deviance and crime if society is not supportive for an individual. Robert Dubin, one of the earliest proponents of this theory outlined that the deviance is actually a function of the society and advocated to make a difference between the actual behavior of the individuals and the set of values which actually drive such behaviors. (Agnew, 1992) Explanation and Analysis General Strain theory is focused mainly on the interaction of the individuals and how the society can actually result into the adaptation of the crime as one of the means of relieving societal pressures. It is therefore argued that the general strain theory mostly focus on the negative relationships of the

Future of the grocery store :: essays research papers

Where will the grocery industry be in the near future? Chester Sideman and his wife Carmen married 25 years ago. After they married they decided that they did not want to be typical working Americans who worked from 9-5 and retired at age 55. They had always envisioned running their own company and running it in the form that they saw fit. After thinking long and hard they decided to build a company from the era that they were from. Being that they were from the â€Å"hippie† era, they fell in love with the idea of running a grocery store that provided a healthy alternative to the grocery shopping experience. A few years after opening, Chester and Carmen began to notice a trend. They were seeing that their health food store was beginning to gain popularity with the locals here in San Francisco, since so many were from the same era. Seeing this, the couple decided that they needed to expand and take full advantage of their popularity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First they decided to expand into a neighboring store that had gone out of business. With this added space, they were able to triple their size and bring in an enormous variety of products that tied into the theme of the store. With this added size, they also found that they needed help in the day-to-day operations of running the store. Due to this fact they hired Craig Premer. Craig was a grocery industry professional that had worked for years in the business. He was also able to see the great potential that this store had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After five years of Craig taking control of running the store, he had implemented all the ideas that he had to help build the grocery store. At this point, the store was doing great. Profit was double what it had been before Craig got there, but beginning to level off. Craig noticed this and had a talk with Chester and Carmen. Craig: Chester, we need to reevaluate what it is that you want out of this store at this point. I understand that this store has been doing very well the past few years, but with the increase in competition from stores like Whole Foods and Rainbow Grocery, I feel that changes need to be made. Chester: I know that our profits have been doing well and have started to level off, but do you think big changes need to be made?

Pacs Essay

Groups and Teams at Kluster 1. What are the challenges of working together as a team? How have members of the Illuminator project overcome these challenges? What are the benefits of a team-based approach? Teamwork is a huge factor of the success for many companies around the world. The performance of teamwork in the workplace will bring the sense of trust, loyalty and security among every worker. The morale and productivity will be higher as a result of that. However, working on a team has its own challenges. Working with people that have different personalities, ideas, cultures, backgrounds, ages, needs and values is one of the most challenges that teamwork faces during its performance. Conflict, mistrust, poor performance can be created as result of these differences. Finding a way to overcome these obstacles is the foundation of a strong and successful teamwork. Illuminator project has overcome these challenges by respecting and using every skill and idea that each team member delivers. That makes every team member feel important and productive. Also communication among each member is very critical for the success of the Illuminator project. Today, teamwork has been found to be as a better way on using every employee’s talent and skill toward a more effective and efficient organization. † Management has found that teams are more flexible and responsive to changing events than are traditional departments. Teams have the capability to quickly assemble, deploy, refocus, and disband. † Robbins and Judge, pg 323. 2. What type of individual would fit in well on the Illuminator team? What characteristics are important? According to the engineer of the Illuminator project, each team member should have self-disciplined and self-leadership. Individuals that are careful, reliable, organized, hardworking, persistent, and honest are those that are more likely to give a higher performance than those that lack any of these characteristics. Conscientious personality which describes someone that is responsible, persistent and organized would fit in well on the Illuminator team. Also, someone who is emotionally stable meaning a confidence, calmness and secure personality would fit in well on this team. . How has technology changed the way we do business? Identify how Kluster has embraced technology in its operations. Advanced technology such as computers and computer networks have changed and helped businesses on being more efficient and effective. Downsizing, outsourcing and empowerment are some of the substantial gains of the organizations due to the technology. New ways of communicating among members, stor ing information and researching for ideas and ways to achieve and succeed are result of the advanced technology. Kluster has taken advantage of the technology by using the telecommuting as a way of communication among team members. Since members of Kluster project live in different areas and some of them travel to different cities, it’s very important to communicate with each other at all the time. Therefore telecommuting through Web based program has made it possible. â€Å"Telecommuting refers to employees who do their work at home on a computer that is linked to their office. † Robbins and Judge, pg 223. 4. Describe the different parts of the Illuminator team. Why is it necessary to have each of these parts represented? The illuminator team is created by combining different ideas and skills of different individuals. Each team member has to be self- disciplined and committed to their job. As every organization, Illuminator team has the founder, the project designer, the engineer of the team and the project manager. The importance of this system is to keep the work in place and run effectively and naturally. Each member has different responsibilities that need to be established and require different skills. Illuminator project runs under job enlargement design which increases the degree of each member to control, plan and evaluate the work done. â€Å" An enriched job organizes tasks so as to allow the worker to do a complete activity, increases the employee’s freedom and independence, increases responsibility, and provides feedback so individuals will be assess and correct their own performance†. Robbins and Judge, pg 220. 5. Ben Kaufman, founder of Illuminator, says it is important to recognize that sometimes people need a break from the team. Explain what he means by this. Sometimes, personal life issues can cause stress, pressure, disorientation and weak performance. Therefore, it’s very important that every team member to have the right and be able to work sometimes on their own away from the team as long as they work on their job responsibilities. Depending on the personality, some individuals can perform better while under stress when they work alone. Being able to accept that break from the rest of the team, the organization is helping their member to establish his/her responsibilities required for the organization’s success. . What two or three suggestions would you provide to address ways that virtual teams could celebrate successes? How would you implement them? I would give two suggestions that could help virtual team succeed. The first one is to set a time of the day every week for all the team members to participate in a meeting via internet. In this way, everyone will be able to get the same feedbacks, ask questions and receiv e answers at the same time and share their ideas with the rest of the team. So every week the meeting will provide each member with the result of their work, how much has been achieved and where they need improvement. The second suggestion would be for the virtual team to have a leader where the team members can address all their questions and concern. The team leader should be reached at anytime of the day and be able to address these concerns in the best way possible. 7. As a manager, what two or three suggestions would you implement to ensure that individual members were recognized for their contribution? Obviously, financial incentives will help motivate every employee to perform better. A pay raise would be one of the suggestions that would ensure that the good work of a member has been recognized. Also, bonuses such as a paid day off or a gift card would be another suggestion. Employee of the month nomination can be a third suggestion. This way the competition to get any of these recognitions among employees will provide a better performance and more productive workers. Therefore, I as a manager will be able to lead a successful organization.

Essay about Hawthorne Studies - 1529 Words

This essay will review the writings of â€Å"Hawthorne, the myth of the docile worker, and class bias in psychology† an article by D. Bramel and R. Friend. It will then go on to further critique academic articles that both support and disagree with the primary source and demonstrate how the Hawthorne studies have influenced contemporary organizations. The Hawthorne experimental studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works has attracted considerable amounts of sharp critical scrutiny; it has practically â€Å"become an intellectual battle† (Miner, J. 2006. p.68) as it has been interpreted in various ways. The studies basically concluded that social and psychological factors are responsible for workers productivity and job satisfaction.†¦show more content†¦2006. p.68.) A. Brannigan and W. Zwerman’s (2001) article â€Å"the Real Hawthorne Effect† completely disagrees with the arguments that were presented by Bramel and Friend. Their article in contrast strongly supports the Hawthorne studies and emphasizes just how valuable they. Brannigan and Zwerman actually view the studies as being â€Å"the single most important investigation of the human dimensions of industrial relations in the early 20th century† (Brannigan, A. Zwerman, W. 2001.p.55). They recognize the fact that the Hawthorne studies have received harsh critical disapproval over the decades due to potential flaws in the research and experiments conducted. However Brannigan and Zwerman are able to look past that and purely see the innovative ideas that grew around these studies. They express that â€Å"the main idea should not be undermined by these shortcomings† and that sometimes the actual idea itself is more meaningful then the evidence on which it is based. ( p. 59). B. Reiger’s article â€Å"Lessons in Productivity and People† also disagrees with the negative statements that are directed towards the Hawthorne studies. Reiger’s article aims to show how the studies executed had an enormous influence in the way managers and supervisors now interact with their employees. Which in result has positively affected worker productivity, Due to implementing a less mechanical view and paying more attention to the human influences within the workplace. Not onlyShow MoreRelatedHawthorne Studies1495 Words   |  6 Pages1924, Hawthorne Studies was first initiated by the Western Electrical Company and National Academy of Science to study on the relation of quality and quantity of illumination to efficiency in industry which is known as Illumination studies.(Roethlisberger amp; Dickson, 2003, pg 14). From 1927-1933, a series of experiments were conducted once again at Western Electric Work and analyzed by Professor George Elton Mayo who is famous for Hawthorne Effects after the failure for the first studies. TheseRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies1976 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Hawthorne Studies began in 1924 until 1932 at the Western Electric, Hawthorne plant in Cicero, Illinois, by Professor Elton Mayo. Initially, this study was originated to identify the conditions of which would improve the working conditions for higher productivity. However, as time progressed, it evolved and was used by managements across as a guide to restructuring their respective companies. With Professor Elton Mayo from the Harvard Business School began a study of how the workersRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies On The Development Of Management1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hawthorne Studies were conducted by Elton Mayo with help from his research assistant Fritz Roethlisberger in the mid-1920s along with the works at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Illinois. These studies were influenced by the principles of scientific management which were introduced by Frederick Taylor in 1911. The studies were to research weather people worked more efficiently when they were working as a group, being treated as special (such as working in a separateRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice2439 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper is an overview of four important areas of management theory: Frederick Taylor s Scientific Management, Elton Mayo s Hawthorne Works experiments and the human r elations movement, Max Weber s idealized bureaucracy, and Henri Fayol s views on administration. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved. Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management Read MoreHawthorne Studies804 Words   |  4 PagesPrentice Hall Carey A. (1967) The Hawthorne Studies: A Radical Criticism, American Sociological Review, Vol.32, No.3, Jun. 1967, p.403-416. Clark D (1999) â€Å"Hawthorne Effect† Retrieved November 20, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/hawthorne.html Coutts B, (2003) â€Å"The Hawthorne Experiments† Retrived November 25, 2007, Retrived from http://www.hawthorne-academy.org/publication6.html Draper S.W (2006) â€Å"The Hawthorne, Pygmalion, Placebo and other effects ofRead MoreA Study of a Character: Hester Prynne in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne909 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieves in when she was in the worst emotional state is truly inspiring. Although she could feel the shame of those around her in town because of the scarlet A on her breast, she refused to let herself be brought down by them, and at one point Hawthorne describes her as not letting her hand cover the symbol. She grew to understand her fate and continues to make the best of it, doing all that she could to be normal in a society where she is seen as an outcast. The way I feel about Hester is quiteRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies2022 Words   |  9 PagesThe Hawthorne studies 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Mayoists brought a fundamental new paradigm. The scientific management movement led the industrial revolution to change our way of life, our perception of work and our understanding for what an organization is. This paradigm shifted to the Human relations movement (led by the so called Mayoists) as a result of the Hawthorne studies, which took into consideration the physical, social and psychological needs of employees unlike the previous paradigm.Read MoreThe Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century4408 Words   |  18 PagesAssignment The Implication of Hawthorne Study in 21st Century Ashab Anis Joy ID: 2012-1-10-255 Class: MGT Course Code: 101 Sec: 7 Semester: Fall East West University Bachelor of Business Administration East West University 20th November 2012 Introduction The Hawthorne Experiments were conducted between 1927 and 1932 at the works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. Basically the aim of these experiments was to † attempt to reduce worker dissatisfaction and resist trade unionRead MoreEvaluate the Contribution of the Hawthorne Studies to the Development of Management Theory and Practice.1720 Words   |  7 PagesHawthorne Studies have been subjected to many criticisms. Yet, the evolvement of many of the management theories today would not have come about without the experiments done by Elton Mayo. This essay will cover the various aspects of management that has been refined through the findings of the tests conducted and how improvements were made to aid in the development of organisational behaviour. It will also discuss the various studies and will show how these theories implement Hawthorne studies asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Experiment Management And The Worker 1485 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiment report â€Å"manag ement and the worker† in 1939(Gillespie, 1991) the Hawthorne studies have been playing an important role in management, psychology and sociology. Hawthorne studies were the foundation for the modern day management thinking. Hawthorne studies have been subject to many criticisms but it produced the fundamental changes in the development of management thoughts. The great contribution Hawthorne studies made to the development of modern management these experiments are identified

Composing Topic Sentences Practice Exercises

Commonly appearing at (or near) the beginning of a paragraph, a topic sentence expresses the main idea of a paragraph. What usually follows a topic sentence are a number of supporting sentences that develop the main idea with specific details. This exercise offers practice in creating topic sentences that will attract the interest of your readers. Each passage below is lacking a topic sentence but contains a series of sentences with specific examples of a single character trait: patiencea frightful imaginationa love of reading Your job is to complete each paragraph by creating an imaginative topic sentence that both identifies the particular character trait and creates enough interest to keep us reading. The possibilities, of course, are limitless. Nonetheless, when youre done, you may want to compare the topic sentences you have created with the ones originally composed by the student authors. 1. Patience For example, recently I began taking my two-year-old dog to obedience school. After four weeks of lessons and practice, she has learned to follow only three commands--sit, stand, and lie down--and even those she often gets confused. Frustrating (and costly) as this is, I continue to work with her every day. After dog school, my grandmother and I sometimes go grocery shopping. Inching along those aisles, elbowed by hundreds of fellow customers, backtracking to pick up forgotten items, and standing in the endless line at the checkout, I could easily grow frustrated and cranky. But through years of trying times, I have learned to keep my temper in check. Finally, after putting away the groceries, I might go out to a movie with my fiance, to whom I have been engaged for three years. Layoffs, extra jobs, and problems at home have forced us to postpone our wedding date several times. Still, my patience has enabled me to cancel and reschedule our wedding plans again and again without fuss, fights, or tears. 2. A Frightful Imagination For instance, when I was in kindergarten, I dreamed that my sister killed people with a television antenna and disposed of their bodies in the woods across the street from my house. For three weeks after that dream, I stayed with my grandparents until they finally convinced me that my sister was harmless. Not long afterward, my grandfather died, and that sparked new fears. I was so terrified that his ghost would visit me that I put two brooms across the doorway of my bedroom at night. Fortunately, my little trick worked. He never came back. More recently, I was terribly frightened after staying up late one night to watch The Ring. I lay awake until dawn clutching my cell phone, ready to ring 911 the moment that spooky little girl stepped out of my TV. Just thinking about it now gives me goosebumps. 3. Love of Reading When I was a young girl, I would make a tent out of my blankets and read Nancy Drew mysteries late into the night. I still read cereal boxes at the breakfast table, newspapers while I am stopped at red lights, and gossip magazines while waiting in line at the supermarket. In fact, Im a very talented reader. For example, Ive mastered the art of talking on the phone while simultaneously reading Dean Koontz or Stephen King. But what I read doesnt matter all that much. In a pinch, Ill read junk mail, an old warranty, a furniture tag (DO NOT REMOVE UNDER PENALTY OF LAW), or even, if Im extremely desperate, a chapter or two in a textbook. Example Topic Sentences My life may be a box full of frustrations, but learning how to overcome them has given me the gift of patience.My family is convinced that I inherited my imagination from Edgar Allan Poe.I envy you terribly because at this very moment youre doing what I have always loved doing more than anything else: youre  reading.

The War And Plato s Symposium, And The Man Discussed

In two very different works we see two equally different portrayals of the same man; these differences are informed by the author’s purpose, the genre of the work, and the effects of the depiction upon the rest of the specific work. These works are of course Thucydides’, The History of the Peloponnesian War and Plato’s Symposium, and the man discussed is the Athenian giant, Alcibiades of the Alcmaeonidae. The authors, of course, have their own aims and reasons for writing their works, Plato, writing an allegory on love likely to defend his teacher Socrates, and Thucydides, to inform on what he believes to be the most significant war in history. The genres of the works being philosophy and history respectively also affects the rhetoric of Alcibiades’ speech; as well as his greater portrayals in the works. It is important to note the differences in the depictions as they are significant not only to understanding the literary merit of the works, but also furt hering the knowledge with respect to the author’s motives and the state of higher opinion on a maverick of a man in the late 5th and early 4th Centuries BC in Athens. The first significant variance one must note between the author’s works is the rhetoric and aims of the speeches Alcibiades makes in the two works. In Plato’s Symposium all the major characters are at a dinner party and are giving speeches about eros, the Greek concept of love, and there is quite an awkward relationship squabble occurring between Socrates andShow MoreRelated Exploring Love in Shakespeare’s Sonnets Essay4114 Words   |  17 PagesIn Plato’s Symposium, the discussion on the nature of love between Socrates and his companions in the house of Agathon clearly discerns key ideas that Shakespeare uses in the sonnets. Beauty, youth, and love are all topics of discussion in the conversations, and Plato’s ideas show up again and again when the sonnets are explored. In Symposium, Aristophanes gives a detailed description of a time when humans were not in their present physical form (Plato 353). His tale posits that the original formRead MoreDr. Einstein And Sigmund Freud Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesshared between Einstein and Freud discussed the psychoanalytical aspect of war and how human character, flaw and greed affect the causes and effects of war. Einstein reached out to Freud after the First World War, as requested to do so by the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC), to discuss what he called a subject â€Å"calculated to serve the common interest of the League of Nations and of intellectual life.† His central argument surrounds wars between nations, international affairsRead MoreThe Evil of Politics and the Ethics of Evil10364 Words   |  42 PagesThe Evil of Politics and the Ethics of Evil Author(s): Hans J. Morgenthau Source: Ethics, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Oct., 1945), pp. 1-18 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2988705 Accessed: 21/09/2010 06:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained priorRead MoreEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pagesthose holding political power.† See Ticchi and Vindigni (2003) for a model of endogenous constitutions, and Aghion et al. (2004) on endogenous political institutions. 8 Sparta was very democratic—for its citizens—by the standards of the time. As discussed later in this paper, all Spartan men went through the same educational system, spent adulthood as full-time soldiers, ate in military mess halls, owned estates in Messenia, and were expected to marry and have children. Indeed, the Spartans referredRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Seminar and Workshop14464 Words   |  58 Pagesteachers and school administrators. In addition to writing many more books and articles on multiple intelligences theory, Gardner has served as a consultant to a variety of school districts. The multiple intelligences movement now includes publishers, symposiums, Web sites, how-to manuals, educational consultants who consider themselves M.I. specialists, as well as a number of critics. Howard Gardner and others have revised and expanded the theory Howard Gardner, formulator of the theory, continues

Police Roles and Functions Free Essays

Police Department Roles and Function CJA/214 Police Department Roles and Function In this paper the principal roles and functions of police organizations and their roles as it applies to the law will be identified. Secondly, the description of various types of police agencies at the local, state, federal level, and the roles and functions of each will be discussed. In addition, the role and function of patrol will be explained. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Roles and Functions or any similar topic only for you Order Now The principal roles and function of police organizations The principal role of police organizations can be narrowed down to different services that they provide. Protecting and serving the local community and their civil rights, traffic control, to uphold and enforce the law, and to encourage respecting the law. As we identify the function of the police organization we can say that each organization function helps to prevent crime and keep communities safe. The municipal police deals with serious crimes in big and small cities and asked to provide a wide variety of emergency services. Description of various types of police agencies at the Local, State and Federal Levels As previously discussed, there are three levels of law enforcement agencies being covered, Local, State and Federal. The Local level is made of three organization Municipal Police, County Police, County Sheriff, County Coroner/Medical Examiner and some states still use Constables today. Let’s briefly review each one. Municipal police play a more complex role than any other law enforcement agency due to serving in our cities. Big and small cities represent the most complex environments when it comes to diversity. With that being said, city police carry the heaviest responsibility for dealing with serious crime, which is not concentrated evenly. They are also responsible for difficult order maintenance problems as well as asked and expected to provide a wide range of emergency services (Walker Katz 2011). A County Police officer is essentially a municipal police officer that operates on a county-wide basis but do not have non-law enforcement roles of the county sheriff. There focus is on patrolling and criminal investigations. On the other hand, County Sheriff has a unique role as they serve all three components to the criminal justice system: law enforcement, courts and corrections (Walker Katz 2011). Under these components they patrol, investigate crimes, process and serve subpoenas, provide security in courtrooms and last but not lease maintain county jails. The County Coroner also called the Medical Examiner falls under the law enforcement because they investigate death scenes, conduct autopsies and determine cause of violent and unexpected deaths (Walker Katz2011). Constables were still used, are usually found in a County court system where they are responsible for serving warrants and subpoenas, transporting prisoners, and providing security for district judges. They also work with county commissioners to post delinquent tax notices and assist attorneys in serving divorce papers (Walker Katz 2011). State police and Highway patrol fall under the State Level. They both provide a variety of law enforcement services. In terms of patrol, state police have concurrent or shared responsibility with local police agencies. In about half of the states, the state police or highway patrol agency has the primary responsibility for enforcing traffic laws on the main highways (Walker Katz2011). State police manage traffic and emergency incidents and minimize exposure of the public to unsafe conditions resulting from emergency incidents and highway impediments. Furthermore state police prevent loss of life, injuries, property damage, and protect public and state assets (CHP 2012). The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is one of several law enforcement organizations under the federal umbrella. The DEA is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil justice system of the United States (DEA 2012), and primarily dedicated to reducing the supply of illegal drugs to residents in the United States (Walker Katz 2011). One of the missions and responsibilities of the DEA is the management of national drug intelligence program that aids with federal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect various intelligence drug information (DEA 2012). The role and function of patrol With law enforcement officer the role and function of patrol can take on many descriptions. At times while on patrol an officer can be called upon to be a service provider, a crime fighter or a social worker. Secondly, traffic flow and collision reduction can be one of the many functions that allow an officer to take up different roles while on duty (Heath Karen, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion local, state and federal law enforcement agencies are the key to protecting our country. From the municipal police officer who is responding to a 911 call or a federal agent making a major illegal drug bust, each duty is very different but essential to enforcing our laws. Without law enforcement agencies in the United States and throughout the world, there’d be no one to â€Å"protect and serve† leading to total chaos. Reference Walker, S. , Katz, C. M. (2011). The Police in America. An introduction (7th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix Collection database. CHP (2012) The California Highway Patrol, Retrieved from http://www. chp. ca. gov/html/mission. html Drug Enforcement Administration (2012) About Us, Our Mission Retrieved from http://www. justice. gov/dea/ HG Global Legal Resources (1999-2012) Control Substances Law Retrieved from http://www. hg. org/control. html How to cite Police Roles and Functions, Papers

Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Integrated Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction In the present scenario, efficient management of strategies and plans has become vital for the success of businesses(Aghazadeh, 2015). Strategic management can be defined as the process of planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation of various policies and plans to accomplish the goals and objectives of an organization. Further, strategic management is considered as a continuous process and companies are required to carry out changes in process and strategies at regular intervals. The present report is based on Edwards and Co. which is one of the most famous salon located in Melbourne. The company offers various types of hair salon related services to all its customers and clients. This study explores detailed internal and external environmental analysis of Edwards and Co. Apart from this; the competitor analysis of selected business enterprise is also mentioned in the present study. Edwards and Co. is very popular in Australia, and the business has its presence in different locations of the country. Further, the company was founded 11 years ago by Jaye Edwards who was a freelancer hairstylist(Co, 2017). Edwards was having no money when he moved to Sydney, and he was looking forward to developing a modern and satisfactory hair salon in the country. The mission of Edwards and Co. is To be truly creative hair agency by providing personalized services to customers and tailor-made education to other hair salons. The corporate objectives of Edwards and Co. are mentioned below as: 1) To provide best salon services in Australia through a network of freelance hairstylists and colorists. 2) To provide salon education to other hair salons in Australia in terms of technique, business and people. 3) To expand operations in other beautiful locations of Australia Regarding brand identity, it can be expressed that Edwards and Co. are presently operating in the five different locations within the country and all these salon shops operate under a single brand name. The selected business enterprise has developed an efficient network of qualified and skilled freelancer stylists. Apart from this, Edwards and Co. brand mantra is to develop and operate as hair agency which is entirely creative and innovative. The key product and service offered by Edwards and Co. include hair salon services such as hair styling, weeding, makeup, etc. In addition to this, it also provides educational services to other salons located in the country(Armstrong, Kotler, Harker, Brennan, 2015). Here, the brand emphasizes on providing consultancy and knowledge to other business regarding how to achieve operational efficiency and run a successful salon. Edwards and Co. assists other companies in skill development of other salons operating within Australia. To sustain in the highly competitive marketplace, Edwards and Co. carries out changes in its products and services at regular intervals according to the changing need and demand of customers. The scope of the marketing plan is that it will help the company to carry out analysis of its internal and external environment(Baker, Marketing strategy and management, 2014). The plan is also going to support in developing potential business and marketing strategies which will result in attracting more and more customers. The marketing plan is going to assist in creating demand among people in the market and will also help in getting a competitive advantage. The internal resources of the selected business enterprise can be termed as highly efficient and professional. For example, the human resources include freelancer stylist who renders various types of services to the people in the market. It can be expressed that training and development programs at regular intervals are carried out by Edwards and Co. to enhance skill set and knowledge base of the freelancers(Baker Saren, Marketing theory: a student text., 2016). The company also has adequate finance available for various activities such as expansion, business operations, and aggressive marketing. Edwards and Co. management and operational capabilities are also effective as the company can acquire higher degree of customer satisfaction by delivering fast, satisfactory and accurate services to all clients. The key strength of internal resources lies within their management capabilities which are quite capable. On the other side of this, the weakness of internal resources is that the company is available with a limited number of human and financial resources. This gap acts as a hurdle regarding achieving higher growth rate. Products and services Services linked with Haircut, Styling, Hair Colour, highlighting, bleach, keratin, make-up, styling, Services-Education for other hair salons, renting of salon space are being offered by Edwards and Co. The core strength of these services is that they are highly creative and innovative(Chernev, 2014). On the other hand, weakness can be termed as lack of permanent workers as the staff members are working on the freelancer basis. It restricts the company to accomplish its long term objectives of acquiring high market share and growth. Price The pricing strategy which has been adopted by Edwards and Co. can be termed as high price strategy. For example the business charges -$100-$250, Hair color- Re growth-$110-$150Short-$130-$180. The strength of this pricing strategy is that it has helped the business to earn satisfactory profits. On the contrary(Frow, Nenonen, Payne, Storbacka, 2015), high price strategy results in restricting people in middle and low-income group to make use of Edwards and Co. services, and this can be termed as the major weakness of the selected strategy. Place The Company is offering services to customers through stores located in five different areas of Australia. The stores are located in Melbourne, Alexandria, Budds Beach, Byron Bay and Surry hills. Promotion It can be stated that promotion of products and services offered by Edwards and Co. is not so much useful. The company is making use of some in-house promotional techniques, and this has supported in managing the cost of operations(David David, 2017). However, it can be argued that promotion techniques used by Edwards and Co. is ineffective and this is a major weakness which needs to be overcome. The business can emphasize on making use of modern marketing tools such as social media and emails to create awareness among people in the market. Apart from this, techniques such as offering discounts and loyalty cards can also be taken into consideration to attract more customers and enhance the volume of profitability(Galliers Leidner, 2014). External environmental analysis This tool represents the range of factors that influences business operations and it is required for the business to comply with such factors so as to operate efficiently in the market. Several factors are present that affects operations of Edwards and Co and they are discussed below: Political factor: It is one of the most significant factors which involve the government laws and regulations that influence business operations(Greene Walls, 2015). The changing government laws and regulations for businesses can directly influence the activities of Edward Co. Further, the new scheme has been introduced associated with loans for small scale businesses and this is effective enough in meeting with the financial requirement of the companies. With the help of youth centre new instruction programs have been developed for beauty cultural field(Hollensen, 2015). Apart from this, the political parties have imposed high taxes for companies that have adversely affected the salon businesses operating in the market. Huge taxes are applicable on the branded cosmetic products that influences the overall operations carried out by the business. Economic factor: At present the economic condition of Australia is sound and this has positively affected the purchasing power of people in the society. People prefer to spend more on cosmetics and other form of products that are offered in the salon(Kitchen Burgmann, 2015). Therefore, it is beneficial for the Edward Co to increase price of its products where customer can easily afford the products and in turn profit margin of the business can be easily enhanced with the help of this. Social factor: This factor is associated with change in frequent taste and requirement of the target market. New types of hairstyles are present in the market due to which Edward Co has to modify its product range so as to meet with the expectation of the target market. Therefore, it is necessary for Edward Co to meet the social requirement of the customers with the motive to enhance overall performance in the market and this in turn can act as development tool for the enterprise(Liebl, 2015). Technological: For hair dressing and performing other type of salon activities modern tools are required to be undertaken with the help of which effective services can be delivered to the target market. At present modern tools are used by the business for rendering salon service and adoption of more advanced tools can surely be beneficial for the business and it can allow in satisfying need of target market in efficient manner(Kumar, Sharma, Gupta, 2017). Legal: Various legal laws are present that can influence the business operations of Edward and Co in every possible manner. Further, cleanness and safety measures are required to be taken where the company has to ensure that its internal workplace is clean and it can be utilized for delivering proper service to the customers (Percy, 2014). Apart from this, safety measures are required to be taken through which accidents can be avoided at the time of delivering salon services. Proper disposal of the chemical waste is required and proper license has to be taken from the recognized authority. Environmental: This factor is associated with the environmental laws that Salon Company is required to follow. Business is required to adopt proper disposal technique with the help of which it is possible to reduce the environmental burden(McDonald Wilson, 2016). Apart from this, government has introduced some regulations that companies are required to follow so that their adverse impact on surroundings can be reduced to extent. So, in this way these are some of the external factors that can influence the overall activities of Edward and Co directly. It is required to deal with every factor efficiently so that business operations can be carried out efficiently. Shift in marketing activity For smooth functioning of business operations it is required for the Edward and Co to influence the market activities. The market when small business operates is competitive and various businesses are operating in the market that are offering same type of salon services in the market such as hair dressing, wedding styling, hair colour, highlighting bleach, education services to different salon, renting salon space for photo shoot etc(Milichovsky Simberova, 2015). Overall the taste and requirement of the target market keeps on changing on continuous basis due to which the marketing activities are required to be influenced. Possible future and current opportunities and threats In near future several opportunities are present with Edward Co that business can grab easily for enhancing market performance. Further, the main opportunity present is rising demand for various type of salon services in the market where it is possible for the business to modify its existing range of services through adoption of latest tools in the market(Musarra, Robson, Katsikeas, 2016). Apart from this, the main threat that can influence business performance is competition where other salons are present in the market that are also offering same type of service. So these are some of the opportunities and threats that can influence business activity. Detailed competitor analysis The market where Edwards and Co operates is competitive and various players are already operating in the market. The main competitors of company are Organika Hair Tremayne Xiang Hair Spada Toni Guy Name of organization Product/service offered Benefits Xiang Hair Hair products that involve LOreal professional paris, Kerastase paris, American crew, Kevin Murphy The benefit associated with purchasing Xiang product is that all the products are branded that can easily encourage the purchase behaviour of the target market. Tremayne Hair treatment, Manicures Pedicures, express facials and waxing tinting, skin consultation, laser hair reduction, makeup, eyelash extensions etc The service range of Temayne is very wide and they are of high quality. The key benefit associated with service of the company is that it provides value for money experience to the customers Spada Haircuts, Hair color and styling, Keratin treatment, Tape human hair extensions All the services of Spada are of high quality and this is the main benefit associated with purchasing product of the company. On the other hand, product range of Edward and Co contains all the essential attributes such as high quality, value for money experience, wide range of products etc. Generally, all the Salons are operating on smaller basis and due to this reason market share of all the businesses is not possible(Payne Frow, 2013). Therefore, it directly provides competitive edge to the business in every possible manner and in turn the desired goals of the firm can be accomplished efficiently keeping in view the business aim. Overall competitor analysis has shown that products and services of firm are more superior as compared with other businesses. SWOT analysis Strengths Providing customized educational services to other beauty salons in the country Online and offline operations Creative hair services Weakness Variation in prices Staff members are freelancers Opportunities Expansion in other areas of the country Hiring full time employees Increasing online promotion Threats Intense competition Unavailability of freelancer in peak seasons From the mentioned-above table, it has been analyzed that the major strength of the company lies within its customized educational services(Peppard Ward, 2016). The services are getting more and more popular with the passage of time and are helping Edwards and Co. to increase its sales and profits. Furthermore, it also offers products/services through online and offline mediums, and this makes the entire shopping very convenient for customers. However, variations in prices and freelancer staff members can be termed as the major weakness of the brand. Sometimes freelancers are not available, and the company is not able to deliver services to all its customers (Percy Elliott, 2016). On the contrary, Edwards and Co. have opportunity to expand its operations by hiring full-time employees. The business can also emphasize on increase the marketing activities through online mediums. At present, the salon and hairstyling industry has become highly intense, and this can be termed as the major threat for Edwards and Co. It has created obstacles for the brand regarding attracting more customers and increasing profits. Detailed customer analysis Market segmentation can be defined as the process in which entire market is divided into different categories, and people with same buying behaviour are clubbed together. Further, market segmentation is important because it provides clear directions to companies in the accomplishment of business objectives and goals(Rosenbaum-Elliott, Percy, Pervan, 2015). The target market of Edwards and Co. includes women in Australia, and at the same time, it has also targeted salons in the country which seeks for enhancing technical education in the industry. The segmentation has been carried out by demographic variables where the brand has targeted people in middle and higher income group. Individuals who need the beautiful salon spaces of Edwards and Co. for photo shoot media event etc. are also targeted by the selected business enterprise. The targeted market is served with high quality and innovative services linked with hair styling, make up and wedding styling. Regarding transitions and exchange, it can be asserted that Edwards and Co. offer different services regarding hair styling, make up and wedding styling and in turn, it charges a certain amount from the customers(Slater, 2015). Women can be termed as the primary market segment of the company, and the secondary market segment includes other salons located in the country. The services are purchased from online and offline modes. The company is required to focus on carrying out market research to identify the changing need and demand of people in the market. The reason behind buying the services offered by Edwards and Co. is that it helps in the makeover of people and changes their looks. On the other side of this, businesses buy the services of the selected company to enhance their overall operational efficiencies and become more productive. Another reason behind purchasing the services offered by Edwards and Co. is to increase the volume of sales and profitability. The key opportunities present in front of selected company is that it can reduce its prices and attract new market segment which includes people who fall into the category of middle and lower income group(West, Ford, Ibrahim, 2015). Apart from this, the business is presently targeting only women and therefore, in future it can also introduce products and services for the male in the country. Facilities linked with salon and spa can be added to enhance to its existing customer base and market share. However, the critical future threat is going to be the changing demand of people in the market. The changes in demographic variables such as the decline in women of age group 20-45 which is the primary target market for Edwards and Co. can also affect the business operations of the company(Yu, 2014). Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that Edwards and Co. are required to focus on making use of online marketing practices. Furthermore, promotion of services can be carried out on social media and through emails to attract customers. On the other hand, it can be inferred that in future, Edwards and Co. has opportunity to target new customers such as males to achieve higher growth. Apart from this, staff members on the permanent basis can be hired instead of freelancers to deal with the major threats and carry out the smooth flow of business practices. References Aghazadeh, H. (2015). Strategic marketing management: Achieving superior business performance through intelligent marketing strategy. . Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences , 125-134. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015). Marketing: an introduction. London : Pearson Education. Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Baker, M. J., Saren, M. (2016). Marketing theory: a student text. California: Sage. Chernev, A. (2014). Strategic marketing management. 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